Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis due to Wegener’s Granulomatosis

Abstract

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is characterized histologically by necrotizing granulomatous angitis that most commonly involves the upper, lower respiratory tract and kidneys, but may affect any organ system. Otolaryngological manifestations are frequent and diverse but subglottic stenosis and tracheal stenosis are less common. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical features and the response to treatment in WG patients with subglottic or tracheal stenosis. The disease activity at the time of examination was scored in 55 patients with WG (29 females, 26 males) according to clinical, serological, radiological and bronchoscopic findings: subglottic and tracheal stenosis were observed in 9% and 5% of WG patients, respectively. CT scans of the larynx and trachea showed mucosal thickening extended 3-4 cm below the vocal cords in three and the thyroid cartilage in one patient. The degree of narrowing of the axial luminal diameter ranged 50-90%. Mechanical dilation of the stenosis and long-acting local corticosteroids may be of therapeutic benefit, along with conventional immunosuppressive treatment.