Subcutaneous lidocaine affects inducibility in programmed electrophysiology testing in children: A follow-up study

Abstract

Invasive cardiac electrophysiology testing during cardiac catheterization requires local anesthesia at the point of entry for the catheters. Frequently, lidocaine is employed for this purpose. A prospective study completed in 1990 indicated that subcutaneous administration of lidocaine adversely influenced the inducibility of arrhythmias in pediatric patients. Upon completion of that study, lidocaine concentration was reduced from 1% to 0.5%, and extra caution was taken to avoid deep penetration during administration. A follow-up, prospective study was performed to evaluate inducibility under these changed conditions. Because the depressant effect of lidocaine on inducibility was age- and weight-related, the second study group was required to have statistically indistinguishable age and weight distributions from the first group to eliminate these variables as factors in inducibility. A total of 177 subjects were collected in the second group before a periodic random computer match with the first group produced 99 individuals with the required age and weight distributions. Analysis of the electrophysiology tests in the second study revealed that: (1) incidence of inducibility was higher in the second group (58 of 99 versus 43 of 99, p < 0.05); (2) average lidocaine dose per kilogram was lower (1.8 mg/kg versus 3.28 mg/kg, p < 0.0001); (3) average lidocaine serum concentration was also lower (0.58 μg/ml versus 1.47 μg/ml, p < 0.0003); (4) in contrast to the first study, neither lidocaine dose nor serum concentration had any effect on inducibility. We conclude that the new procedures for lidocaine administration effectively removed lidocaine as a factor in inducibility.