Abstract
One of the challenges for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to obtain suitably large cell numbers for therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can easily be expanded in vitro to obtain large numbers of cells, but this approach may induce cellular senescence. The characteristics of cells are dependent on variables like age, body mass index (BMI), and disease conditions, however, and in the case of adipose tissue–derived stem cells (ASCs), anatomical harvest site is also an important variable that can affect the regenerative potential of isolated cells. We therefore had kept the parameters (age, BMI, disease conditions) constant in this study to specifically assess influence of anatomical sites of individual donors on utility of ASCs. Adipose tissue was obtained from multiple anatomical sites in individual donors, and viability and nucleated cell yield were determined. MSC frequency was enumerated using colony forming unit assay and cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Growth characteristics were determined by long-term population doubling analysis of each sample. Finally, MSCs were induced to undergo adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. To validate the findings, these results were compared with similar single harvest sites from multiple individual patients. The results of the current study indicated that MSCs obtained from multiple harvest sites in a single donor have similar morphology and phenotype. All adipose depots in a single donor exhibited similar MSC yield, viability, frequency, and growth characteristics. Equivalent differentiation capacity into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes was also observed. On the basis of results, we conclude that it is acceptable to combine MSCs obtained from various anatomical locations in a single donor to obtain suitably large cell numbers required for therapy, avoiding in vitro senescence and lengthy and expensive in vitro culturing and expansion steps.
Highlights
Cell-based therapies are being used as novel therapeutic interventions in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Our findings reported have demonstrated that adipose-derived Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from various anatomical locations in the same donor could be combined to obtain suitably large cell numbers needed for therapy without extensive expansion, avoiding in vitro senescence and lengthy and expensive ex vivo cultures
It was important to determine the potential capabilities of adipose tissue–derived MSCs obtained from various anatomical locations
Summary
Cell-based therapies are being used as novel therapeutic interventions in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are found in many adult tissues, expressing CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 while lacking expression of typical hematopoietic markers.[1] MSCs are an attractive cell population for use in autologous therapies due to multipotential differentiation capacity, as well as the potential for tissue repair, hematopoiesis support, and immunomodulation.[2,3,4,5] the availability of such cells in sufficient numbers for cell-based therapies has remained a challenge. The requirement for in vitro expansion is one of the major disadvantages of MSCs for clinical use. Previous studies have indicated a significant attenuation of the regenerative potential of MSCs with extensive culture,[6,7] and the safety and efficacy after long-term expansion remains a major concern
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