Abstract
Subcritical-water extraction is an ecofriendly method for extracting antioxidant compounds only using water. The Subcritical-water extraction was employed for the extraction of bioactive compounds from Orostachys japonicus known as rock pine by investigating the use of various temperatures (110–260 °C) and extraction times (5–20 min). The Subcritical-water extraction condition at 220 °C for 15 min; the total phenolics content (39.9 ± 4.1 mg/g), flavonoids content (11.4 ± 0.6 mg/g), and antioxidant activities (90.3 ± 2.2%, 96.0 ± 2.9%, and 662.4 ± 17.2 mg/g) of Subcritical-water extract were higher under this condition than for extraction with either methanol or ethanol. Triterpene saponins were observed only in subcritical-water extraction condition at 220 °C for 15 min. Further, some of its phenolic constituents; gallic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Subcritical-water extraction is an effective method for extracting valuable bioactive compounds from Orostachys japonicus.
Highlights
These compounds are mainly saponins from Camelia oleifera Abel, and it was reported that those exhibit anticancer a ctivity[17]. These compounds were observed only in Subcritical-water extraction (SWE) condition of 220 °C/15 min, not detected in other conditions such as 110 °C and 150 °C of SWE extracts. It showed that the highest antioxidant activities values such as DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay in this condition (220 °C/15 min)
The solubility of a bioactive compound in subcritical water is influenced by the chemical structure of the solute, and the complex interactions between the solvent of water and the solute
The highest total flavonoids content of 17.5 ± 5.6 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g was obtained at 200 °C for 20 min using laboratory-scale SWE. Flavonoids such as gallic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, kaempferol 3-O-β-dglucoside, kaempferol 3-O-β-d-galactoside, and quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucoside in water extracts from OJ25. These findings suggest that most of the phenolics in an Orostachys japonicus (OJ) extract at higher temperatures are stable flavonoids
Summary
The extract of Orostachys japonicus (OJ) has been utilized as a medicine in South Korea for treating various diseases including fever, gingivitis, metritis, coagulation, intoxication, and cancer[1]. This is because OJ contains many biologically active compounds such as polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids, and triterpenes including saponins. Triterpenes are composed of three terpene units with the molecular formula C 30H48, and they may be thought of as consisting of six isoprene units Their biological activities include antioxidant activity, radical-scavenging effects, antiallergic activity, and cardioprotective effects[4]. The thermal stability of the bioactive compounds in OJ at the extraction temperature higher than 200 °C was confirmed in this study
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