Abstract
Agricultural fairs are associated with bidirectional, interspecies transmission of influenza virus A between humans and pigs. We examined pigs exhibited at agricultural fairs in Ohio during 2009-2011 for signs of influenza-like illness and collected nasal swab specimens from a representative subset of these animals. Influenza virus A was recovered from pigs at 12/53 (22.6%) fairs during the 3-year sampling period. Pigs at 10/12 (83.3%) fairs from which influenza virus A was recovered did not show signs of influenza-like illness. Hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and matrix gene combinations of the isolates were consistent with influenza virus A concurrently circulating among swine herds in the United States. Subclinical influenza virus A infections in pigs at agricultural fairs may pose a risk to human health and create challenges for passive surveillance programs for influenza virus A in swine herds.
Highlights
Full descriptions of influenza in swine and of this surveillance program’s goals, objectives, and surveillance streams are fully covered in Appendix A (National Surveillance Plan for Swine Influenza Virus in Pigs)
VS and industry agree that case compatible sample submissions into the swine influenza virus (SIV) surveillance program can be enhanced if surveillance data are recorded by default into the SIV surveillance database as anonymous
Unless written permission is granted by owners of pigs sampled for traceable surveillance, all collection data and testing results will be entered on the SIV surveillance database data sheets via the anonymous protocols listed above
Summary
Full descriptions of influenza in swine and of this surveillance program’s goals, objectives, and surveillance streams are fully covered in Appendix A (National Surveillance Plan for Swine Influenza Virus in Pigs). The body of this document outlines implementation procedures and guidelines for the swine influenza virus (SIV) national surveillance program. The purpose of this document is to clarify: 1. 2. Sample collection guidelines to maximize virus identification. 3. Sample submission guidelines and shipping instructions including when to refer possible SIV cases to the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) for testing. 4. Laboratory guidance on sample testing procedures. 5. Notification guidelines in the event of an isolate of interest
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