Abstract
In the 1990s, it was discovered that carbon monoxide was a physiologically important signaling molecule that can regulate many functions, particularly in the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Carbon monoxide is a stable molecule that is not as chemically reactive as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, and is generated by the catabolism of heme by heme oxygenases, of which there are two isoforms. There is no specific receptor for carbon monoxide and it can interact with a vast array of heme-containing proteins, including soluble guanylyl cyclase, to generate cGMP. Carbon monoxide can regulate the cardiovascular and nervous systems as well as a range of intracellular functions, including cytoprotection and cellular respiration. In clinical settings, carbon monoxide delivery systems and exhaled carbon monoxide are important in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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