Abstract
The key cellular and molecular factors being involved in the resolution of inflammation following acute myocardial infarction remain poorly understood. T-regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes are characterized by the extreme potential to regulate the strength and direction of immune responses during the myocardial injury. The functional activity of Treg-lymphocytes depends upon the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3). It may be also expressed in conventional T-lymphocytes at the stage of their activation. Nuclear localization of FoxP3 is a prerequisite factor determining its ability to impact the suppressive functions of Treglymphocytes.The aim of the present study was comparative evaluation of FoxP3+T-lymphocytes frequency and counts, combined with estimation of FoxP3 subcellular localization, in patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary syndrome and examination of changes of these parameters in the short-term follow-up of patients with myocardial infarction. The study included 14 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (8 males; 6 females; 63.2±9.0 y.o.) and 5 patients with acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (4 males; 1 female; 61.4±11.2 y.o.) at days 1, 3 and 7 after the event. The frequency of FoxP3+ conventional and regulatory T-lymphocytes was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells together with estimation of the level of FoxP3 nuclear localization by imaging flow cytometry.Patients with infarction were characterized by the decreased counts of FoxP3+Treg-lymphocytes compared to patients with chronic coronary syndrome, and exhibited even further decrease in the counts of FoxP3+Tregcells at day 7 after infarction, while frequency of Treg and conventional T-lymphocytes did not differ significantly. The level of FoxP3 nuclear translocation was lower both in Treg and conventional T-lymphocytes in patients at day 1 post-infarction compared to patients with chronic coronary syndrome. Absolute counts of FoxP3+Tregs with nuclear FoxP3 localization remained significantly lower both at days 1 and 7 post-infarction compared to patients with chronic coronary syndrome.Thus, here we demonstrated that FoxP3 nuclear localization experiences decrease in the course of acute myocardial infarction and may serve as a more sensitive marker of changes in Treg-lymphocyte functioning than simple evaluation of their frequency.
Highlights
Even though the current therapeutic approaches allowed to make a prominent breakthrough in ma nagement of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the burden of heart failure (HF) developing further still poses the major problem worldwide
segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients on day 1 post-MI were cha racterized by insignificantly decreased frequency of T regulatory (Treg)-lymphocytes and insignificantly elevated frequency of Tconv-lymphocytes compared to chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients (Table 1)
The level of forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3) nuclear translocation was lower both in Treg and Tconv-lymphocytes in STEMI patients on day 1 postMI compared to CCS patients (Table 1)
Summary
Even though the current therapeutic approaches allowed to make a prominent breakthrough in ma nagement of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the burden of heart failure (HF) developing further still poses the major problem worldwide. It is associated with unfavorable left ventricle remodeling following improper resolution of the post-infarct inflammation. Treg-lymphocytes are characterized by the im mense potential to regulate the magnitude and modality of immune responses during the acute myocardial injury able to suppress the activity of T-conventional (Tconv) cells, govern differentiation of macrophages towards M2 phenotype and limit recruitment of pro-inflammatory leukocytes to wards the site of infarction [9, 10, 11]. FoxP3 in Tconv-cells was primarily confined to the cytoplasm [6]
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