Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Outcomes in an Endovascular Right of First Refusal Neurosurgical Environment

Abstract

Randomized controlled trials demonstrate that endovascular techniques yield improved outcomes compared with microsurgical approaches. However, not all patients are suitable candidates for endovascular management. This study aimed to determine if healthy patients managed microsurgically could achieve functional outcomes comparable to patients managed endovascularly. Patients treated for ruptured aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage at 2 level 1 stroke centers from January 2012 through December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. All cases were evaluated in an endovascular right of first refusal neurosurgical environment. We collected relevant clinical and follow-up data and created a generalized linear model to identify differences between patients treated endovascularly versus microsurgically. A propensity score model accounting for these differences was used to predict patient outcomes. Functional outcomes were independently assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) with good functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale score <3. The study included 588 patients (211 microsurgical, 377 endovascular); median age was 58 years (interquartile range: 40-86 years); in-hospital mortality was 13%. Age, aneurysm size, and aneurysm location significantly predicted treatment modality (all P < 0.05). After greedy-type matching (210 microsurgical, 210 endovascular), patients managed microsurgically were less likely to be discharged home (odds ratio= 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.4-0.9, P= 0.01). Functional differences disappeared over time; patients in the 2 treatment arms had similar functional outcomes at 3 months (odds ratio= 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.7-1.8, P= 0.66) and 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage (odds ratio= 1.3, 95% confidence interval 0.8-2.1, P= 0.38). In an endovascular right of first refusal neurosurgical environment, practitioners can treat patients who are not good endovascular candidates microsurgically and achieve functional outcomes comparable to patients managed endovascularly.