Subacromial Balloon Spacer Does Not Reduce the Retear Rate for Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Comparative Study

Abstract

To determine whether a subacromial spacer decreases the recurrent rotator cuff tear rate in arthroscopically managed massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) with 1 year of follow-up. We selected all patients who met the following criteria: (1) an MRCT excluding Collin type A, (2) Goutallier stage equal or less than 2, and (3) complete arthroscopic repair of the MRCT. Patients were allocated into 2 groups: A (without subacromial spacer) or B (with subacromial spacer) for a prospective evaluation 1 year after surgery. The primary outcome was the retear rate, determined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) according to the classification of Sugaya. Secondary outcome measures were the functional outcomes using visual analog score, Shoulder Subjective Value, and Constant-Murley Score. Preoperative rotator cuff characteristics such as number of tendons involved and the tear retraction also were evaluated. Patient-related data such as sex, age, laterality, history of smoking, and diabetes mellitus were analyzed. In total, 31 patients were included in group A and 33 in group B. Preoperatively, only 2 differences were found between both groups: a significant (but not clinical) greater Constant score in group A (P= .034) and a slightly greater retraction of the supraspinatus in group B (P= .0025). The overall retear rate between the 2 groups was similar regarding the number of patients (P= .746) and the total number of tendons involved in the recurrent tear (P= .112). At 1-year follow-up, no differences were found in VAS (P= .397), SSV (P= .309), and Constant score (P= .105). In reparable massive rotator cuff tears (excluding Collin type A), the augmentation of repair with a subacromial spacer did not significantly reduce the number of patients with recurrent rotator cuff tears identified by MRI. It was also ineffective in reducing the number of re-ruptured tendons in these patients. No patient-reported or clinically significant findings were noted in Constant, SSV, and VAS scores at 1-year postoperative follow-up. Patients with MRI findings of a healed rotator cuff (Sugaya 1-3) had better clinical outcomes compared with those without. Level III, retrospective comparative study.