Abstract
Motivated by the explosion of the Internet of Things (IoT), we examined Sub-1 GHz (frequencies below 1 GHz) band wireless technologies that are essential to enable various IoT applications. IEEE 802.15.4g and IEEE 802.11ah are two wireless technologies developed for outdoor IoT applications such as smart utility, smart city and infrastructure monitoring for which both technologies operate in Sub-1 GHz Bands. Our coexistence simulation of IEEE 802.15.4g and IEEE 802.11ah using standard defined coexistence mechanisms shows serious interference problems due to fundamental protocol differences and channel access parameter differences. Accordingly, we proposed IEEE 802.19.3 Task Group formation to lead the IEEE 802.19.3 standard development of IEEE 802.15.4g and IEEE 802.11ah coexistence in the Sub-1 GHz band. In addition to our coexistence methods contributed to IEEE 802.19.3 standard, we propose a novel Active Carrier Sense based CSMA/CA mechanism for IEEE 802.15.4g to reduce CSMA/CA failure packet discard under interference from IEEE 802.11ah traffic and to keep interoperability with conventional IEEE 802.15.4g CSMA/CA mechanism. Our proposed coexistence techniques can improve fair spectrum sharing between IEEE 802.15.4g and IEEE 802.11ah networks for IoT applications.
Highlights
Against the backdrop of advances in Internet technology and various sensor technologies, the number of devices connected to the Internet has explored, to traditional Internetconnected devices such as laptops and smartphones, and to smart meters, home appliances, automobiles, buildings, factories, and many other things around the world
From coexistence simulation results of IEEE 802.11ah and IEEE 802.15.4g using standard defined coexistence mechanisms, we identified four main cases for coexistence issues between IEEE 802.11ah and IEEE 802.15.4g: 1) Interference caused by higher IEEE 802.11ah ED threshold; 2) Interference caused by faster IEEE 802.11ah back-off scheme; 3) Interference caused by lower IEEE 802.15.4g PHY Data Rate; and 4) CSMA/CA failure packet discard caused by IEEE 802.11ah traffic
The packet delivery rate (PDR) improvement for IEEE 802.15.4g can be realized when the total network offered load does not exceed the network capacity so that coexistence mechanism can achieve more efficient spectrum sharing or in cases where CSMA/CA failure packet discards caused by IEEE 802.11ah traffic can be reduced
Summary
Against the backdrop of advances in Internet technology and various sensor technologies, the number of devices connected to the Internet has explored, to traditional Internetconnected devices such as laptops and smartphones, and to smart meters, home appliances, automobiles, buildings, factories, and many other things around the world. The paper proposes a packet error rate (PER) based packet collision analytical model and a link quality indicator (LQI) based channel agility scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 network to perform channel re-selection for interference avoidance. B. WI-FI HALOW At the time of writing this paper, Wi-Fi alliance is planning to release new certification program of Wi-Fi HaLow based on IEEE 802.11ah technology in the S1G bands to offer longer range and lower power community. To the best of our knowledge, there is no simulation tool that supports coexisting IEEE 802.11ah with 1 MHz channel and new IEEE 802.15.4g PHYs in S1G band.
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