Sub-population structure of common fish species in the Elbe River estimated from DNA analysis

Abstract

Summary The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic structure of populations for seven common cyprinid fish species within a 120-km-long stretch of the lowland Elbe River, northern Germany. The results are needed for habitat modelling to estimate the proportion that environmentally based variance has of the total variances of home range, species distribution, habitat use and fish assemblage structure. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-fingerprinting offers a rapid, efficient method for generating genetic markers and was therefore used to obtain an overview on population-genetic structures of the following seven fish species: asp (Aspius aspius), bleak (Alburnus alburnus), blue bream (Abramis ballerus), common bream (Abramis brama), gudgeon (Gobio gobio), ide (Leuciscus idus) and roach (Rutilus rutilus). Of the 20 random primers, between eight (ide) and 18 (roach) produced polymorphic bands. The mean levels of genetic similarity between samples, estimated as bandsharing frequencies, varied between 76% in bleak and 98% in asp. The corresponding genetic distances among samples varied between 0.02 ± 0.01 in asp and 0.24 ± 0.09 in bleak. The genetic distances among samples were not significant in all of the pairwise comparisons, and correlated only weakly with the geographic distances among sampling sites. It was therefore concluded that the stretch of the Elbe surveyed was inhabited by single, panmictic populations of the species studied and thus that the observed habitat preferences, fish distribution, home range and ecological performance of species within this area will depend on stochastic environmental factors or result from biotic interactions.