Abstract
We present measurements of high-order harmonics and relativistic electrons emitted into the vacuum from a plasma mirror driven by temporally-shaped ultra-intense laser waveforms, produced by collinearly combining the main laser field with its second harmonic. We experimentally show how these observables are influenced by the phase delay between these two frequencies at the attosecond timescale, and relate these observations to the underlying physics through an advanced analysis of 1D/2D Particle-In-Cell simulations. These results demonstrate that sub-cycle shaping of the driving laser field provides fine control on the properties of the relativistic electron bunches responsible for harmonic and particle emission from plasma mirrors.
Highlights
Plasma mirrors are overdense plasmas created at the surface of laser-ionized optically flat solid targets
We present measurements of high-order harmonics and relativistic electrons emitted into the vacuum from a plasma mirror driven by temporally shaped ultraintense laser wave forms, produced by collinearly combining the main laser field with its second harmonic
This evidences a transition from Coherent Wake Emission (CWE) to Relativistic Oscillating Mirror (ROM) harmonics with increasing Lg, the spectra do not extend beyond the CWE spectral cutoff in our weakly relativistic regime (a0 ≈ 1.5)
Summary
Plasma mirrors are overdense plasmas created at the surface of laser-ionized optically flat solid targets. They are versatile optical devices for the manipulation of ultraintense femtosecond (fs) laser beams (IL 1016 W/cm). As the laser field changes sign, the combined plasma and laser fields accelerate the electron bunch to a relativistic velocity toward the vacuum. This can induce drastic temporal modulations to the reflected laser wave, which sensitively depend on the electron bunch properties
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