Abstract
We test a four dimensional cosmological model embedded in a five dimensional bulk space by means of the dynamical Nash-Greene theorem. In a fluid approach, we apply a joint likelihood analysis to the data with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for cosmological parameter estimation. We use recent datasets as the “Gold 2018” growth-rate data, the Planck2018/varLambda CDM data on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, the Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements, the Pantheon Supernovae type Ia and the data on the Hubble parameter H(z) with redshift ranging from 0.01< z < 2.3. Performing the Information Criterion (IC) analysis, we find that the present model is in very good agreement with observations with a close statistical equivalence with wCDM cosmologies at 1-sigma level with a slightly larger growth profiles. By modifications of CLASS(EFCLASS) code, we make a comparison between the models on their unlensed CMB TT temperature spectra. Moreover, the proposed model presents a low power spectrum by the reduction of the ISW effect at lower multipoles. We also find that the overall percentage relative difference of the growth index varDelta gamma (%) is up to 1.4% as compared to wCDM pattern in sub-horizon scales.
Highlights
The dark matter and dark energy (DE)
The confinement condition implies that K∗ = Λ∗/6, and Λ∗ is the bulk cosmological constant. From these dynamical equations in Eq (15), we may derive the gravitational field in the embedded space-times, after the following observations: 1. Even though it does not exert any dynamical effect in our approach, the effective cosmological constant Λ was included in Eq (15) for completeness once the bulk curvature serves as a reference for the embedded background
The methodology used in this paper relies on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sample technique adapted from a publicly available code of a modified Metropolis–Hastings algorithm [31,32] used as a parameter estimator
Summary
An alternative indication for a new physics pinpoints that the universe may be embedded in a larger space (large extra dimensions) Most of these models have been Kaluza-. Where kμν denotes the extrinsic curvature and y represents a coordinate on a direction orthogonal to the embedded geometry [73] This process is generated by the appearance of the extrinsic curvature and is entirely consistent with general relativity (GR) adding to Einstein’s equations a new conserved quantity which can be associated with an observable quantity and can be applied to general and arbitrary dimensions as originally proposed in [17,18,19]
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