Abstract
A nonlinear interferometry scheme is described theoretically to induce and resolve electron wavefunction beating on time scales shorter than the optical cycle of the time-delayed pump and probe pulses. By employing two moderately intense few-cycle laser fields with a stable carrier-envelope phase, a large range of the entire electronic level structure of a quantum system can be retrieved. In contrast to single-photon excitation schemes, the retrieved electronic states include levels that are both dipole- and non-dipole-accessible from the ground electronic state. The results show that strong-field interferometry can reveal both high-resolution and broad-band spectral information at the same time with important consequences for quantum-beat spectroscopy on attosecond time scales.
Highlights
A nonlinear interferometry scheme is described theoretically to induce and resolve electron wavefunction beating on time scales shorter than the optical cycle of the time-delayed pump and probe pulses
Interferometric methods have been employed for a long time to access the vibrational and rotational level structure in molecules [5,6,7,8]
A very recent experiment [4] extended the interferometric toolkit by employing isolated attosecond pulses for measuring bound and continuum electronic wavepackets
Summary
A nonlinear interferometry scheme is described theoretically to induce and resolve electron wavefunction beating on time scales shorter than the optical cycle of the time-delayed pump and probe pulses. Analytically and computationally, a comprehensive and general method to extract continuum- and bound-state electronic wavefunction beating in atoms on sub-femtosecond time scales, which does not require attosecond pulses nor ultraviolet or shorter-wavelength fields.
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