Abstract
AIM: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly prescribed worldwide and known to induce gastric injury from multiple mechanisms. Aloe vera is known to effectively decrease inflammation and promote ulcer healing but there are still limited data. Therefore, this study performs to evaluate the protective effects of Aloe vera on gastric injury in rats with indomethacin-induced gastropathy. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (control group, n = 6) were given orally distilled water (DW) at 0 and 4 hours. Group 2 [indomethacin (IMN) group, n = 6] were given orally IMN (150 mg/kg) dissolved in 5% NaHCO3at time 0 and 4 hours. Group 3 (Aloe vera-treated group, n = 6) were given orally Aloe vera (150 mg/kg) dissolved in DW and IMN at 0 and 4 hours. At 8 hours after the first dose, the rat's stomach was removed to determine gastric malondialdehyde (MDA), the number of interleukin-18 (IL-18) positive stained cells (%) by immunohistochemistry method, and histopathological examination. Serum was collected to determine the level of tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) and Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) (by ELISA method). RESULTS: In the IMN group, serum TNF-α, CINC-1and gastric MDA significantly increased when compared to the control group (27.8±1.5 vs. 85.1±49.1 pg/mL, 104.5 ± 45.8 vs. 1054.7 ± 20.4 pg/mL and 1.7±0.2 vs. 9.4±1.1 nmol/mg protein, p<0.05, respectively). The mean level of TNF-α, CINC-1and gastric MDA in the Aloe vera-treated group improved when compared with that of in the IMN group (85.1±49.1 vs. 35.2±1.6 pg/mL, 1054.7 ± 20.4 vs. 813.6 ± 239 pg/mL and 9.4±1.1 vs. 2.7±0.6 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05, respectively). The number of IL-18 positive stained cells (%) in the gastric epithelial cells of IMN group was significantly higher than that of in the control group. In contrast, the Aloe vera treated group showed decreasing in number of IL-18 positive stained cells (%) significantly when compared with that of in the IMN-treated group. Most rats in the IMN group developed moderate to severe gastric inflammation and erosions. Gastric erosions and neutrophil infiltration scores were significantly lower in the Aloe vera treated group. CONCLUSION: In rat models, Aloe vera attenuated IMN induced gastropathy by the reduction of the oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and the histology confirmed the improvement of gastric injury. Summary of parameters in all groups (n=6, each group)
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