Abstract

measure differences in force application in humans and a colon model and gauge usability. Methods: Four endoscopists performed colonoscopy with CFM-4 in triplicate on a Kyoto-Kagaku case model with a redundant sigmoid and alpha loop configuration. In addition, two endoscopists performed 5 colonoscopies with CFM-4 were in human volunteers. Continuous force data were recorded and the following force parameters calculated: peak and average push, pull, clockwise and counter clockwise torque; average push, pull, clockwise and counter-clockwise torque rate; and exam time. Results: ANOVA of force parameters among endoscopists demonstrated a significant difference between the human and colon model. Peak clockwise (32.8 7.6 vs 8.3 12.4 N*cm, p! 0.001) and peak counter-clockwise torque (-30.1 6.1 vs -6.8 9.4 N*cm, p! 0.001) was greater in human than model colonoscopy. In addition, the average push rate (12.2 1.0 vs 8.7 1.9 N/s, p Z 0.003) and pull rate (-12.0 1.0 vs -9.1 1.9 N/s, p! 0.001) were higher for human when compared to model colonoscopy. Finally, exam time (754 359 vs 178 921s, p! 0.001) was significantly faster for model colonoscopy. There were no differences in peak or average push and pull force. All endoscopists had used both CFM-3 and CFM-4 and confirmed a marked improvement in ease of use and handling parameters. Conclusions: The CFM-4 device measured significant differences in force application patterns between a human and model colon. These differences were limited to reduced rotational force, slower force application rate and faster examination time in colon models when compared to a human colon. Further studies comparing model and human colonoscopy may facilitate development of more realistic colon training models and more precise operator technique assessment. Finally, the CFM-4 device design improved ease of use and effective force monitoring capability supporting its use in ongoing studies of force application.

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