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Abstract
We review and explain essential characteristics of the a priori estimate of the thermal ground state and its excitations in the deconfining phase of SU(2) Quantum Yang-Mills thermodynamics. This includes the spatially central and peripheral structure of Harrington-Shepard (anti)calorons, a sketch on how a spatial coarse-graining over (anti)caloron centers yields an inert scalar field, which is responsible for an adjoint Higgs mechanism, the identification of (anti)caloron action with ħ, a discussion of how, owing to (anti)caloron structure, the thermal ground state can be excited (wave-like and particlelike massless modes, massive thermal quasiparticle fluctuations), the principle role of and accounting for radiative corrections, the exclusion of energy-sign combinations due to constraints on momenta transfers in four-vertices in a completely fixed, physical gauge, dihedral diagrams and their resummation up to infinite loop order in the massive sector, and the resummation of the one-loop polarisation tensor of the massless modes. We also outline applications of deconfining SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) which affect the cosmological model at high redshifts, the redshift for re-ionization of the Universe, the CMB angular power spectra at low l, and the late-time emergence of intergalactic magnetic fields.
Highlights
We review and explain essential characteristics of the a priori estimate of the thermal ground state and its excitations in the deconfining phase of SU(2) Quantum Yang-Mills thermodynamics
This includes the spatially central and peripheral structure of Harrington-Shepardcalorons, a sketch on how a spatial coarse-graining overcaloron centers yields an inert scalar field, which is responsible for an adjoint Higgs mechanism, the identification ofcaloron action with, a discussion of how, owing tocaloron structure, the thermal ground state can be excited, the principle role of and accounting for radiative corrections, the exclusion of energy-sign combinations due to constraints on momenta transfers in four-vertices in a completely fixed, physical gauge, dihedral diagrams and their resummation up to infinite loop order in the massive sector, and the resummation of the one-loop polarisation tensor of the massless modes
We outline applications of deconfining SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) which affect the cosmological model at high redshifts, the redshift for re-ionization of the Universe, the CMB angular power spectra at low l, and the late-time emergence of intergalactic magnetic fields
Summary
Non-Abelian gauge theory in four spacetime dimensions exhibits beautiful, rich, and deep structures with clear and convincing links to experimentally accessible, fundamental phenomena such as asymptotic freedom [1,2,3,4,5], chiral symmetry breaking [6, 7], confinement [8, 9], the axial anomaly [10,11,12], and fundamental, theoretically prescribed [13,14,15,16] as well as adjoint, theoretically emergent [17] gauge-symmetry breaking. In Eq (3) ηaμν and ηaμν denote the antisymmetric-in-μν and (anti)selfdual ’t Hooft symbols (required when decomposing a pure-gauge configuration, winding with |k| = 1 at spacetime infinity, into its su(2) components) This superposition principle for the pre-potential on R4 was exploited by Harrington and Shepard [19] to construct an infinite "mirror sum", based on a "seed" pre-potential centered at x = x4 = 0 and of instanton scale parameter ρ (a measure for the spread of action density), to achieve periodicity in x4 and topological charge |k| = 1 on S 1 × R3. This only leaves the HS (anti)caloron as a valid component of the thermal ground-state estimate
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