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Abstract
In the first part of this talk, we review some prerequisites for and essential arguments involved in the construction of the thermal-ground-state estimate underlying the deconfining phase in the thermodynamics of SU(2) Quantum Yang–Mills theory and how this structure supports its distinct excitations. The second part applies deconfining SU(2) Yang–Mills thermodynamics to the Cosmic Microwave Background in view of (i) a modified temperature-redshift relation with an interesting link to correlation-length criticality in the 3D Ising model, (ii) the implied minimal changes in the dark sector of the cosmological model, and (iii) best-fit parameter values of this model when confronted with the spectra of the angular two-point functions temperature-temperature (TT), temperature-E-mode-polarisation (TE), E-mode-polarisation-E-mode-polarisation (EE), excluding the low-l physics. The latter, which so far is treated in an incomplete way due to the omission of radiative effects, is addressed in passing.
Highlights
Based on perturbative asymptotic freedom at zero temperature [1,2,3], the predictions of thermodynamical potentials and plasma polarisation effects in four-dimensional Yang–Mills thermodynamics suggest themselves to small-coupling expansions at high temperature, see, e.g., [4]
The approach of lattice gauge theory to the computation of thermodynamical quantities, albeit genuinely nonperturbative [8,9], is subject to infrared artefacts due to finite-size limitations [10], the imprecisely known nonperturbative beta function [8], and the prescription of seemingly unphysical boundary conditions in the so-called integral method [9]. All this has nurtured the suspicion that deconfining Yang–Mills thermodynamics is subject to highly nonperturbative physics, even at high temperatures
Version SU(2)Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), which is favoured by physical arguments on the propagation of temperature perturbations by the wave-like part of the massless mode’s spectrum deep in the Rayleigh–Jeans regime [50], fits the TT data best (for TE and EE SU(2)CMB +V± and SU(2)CMB can hardly be distinguished) for l > 30
Summary
Based on perturbative asymptotic freedom at zero temperature [1,2,3], the predictions of thermodynamical potentials and plasma polarisation effects in four-dimensional Yang–Mills thermodynamics suggest themselves (naively as it turns out) to small-coupling expansions at high temperature, see, e.g., [4]. Having identified |k| = 1 trivial-holonomy (anti)calorons as viable and relevant field configurations for the a priori estimate of the thermal ground state, we sketch the essential steps in deriving the field φ from a spatial coarse-graining involving the following set of dimensionless phases:. It is straightforward to argue [19] that Equation (4) is unique: adjointly transforming one-point functions as potential integrands vanish identically due to (anti)selfduality, higher n-point functions and higher topological charges are excluded by dimensional counting, the coincidence of the spatial (anti)caloron center with 0 is demanded by spatial isotropy, and the straight-line evaluation of Wilson lines is dictated by the absence of any spatial scale on the classical (Euclidean) level.
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