Abstract
There is considerable evidence for the view that neurotic symptoms arise, not because of repressed instincts (as psychoanalysis maintains), but because of unacknowledged real guilt, arising from inappropriate, hidden impulse expression. On the assumption that one of the functions of conscience is to bring about acknowledgment of secret wrongdoing, symptoms in general may be seen as a compromise formation between an impulsion (from conscience or superego) to speak the truth and a conscious (ego-mediated) effort to maintain the concealment. Stuttering may thus be interpreted as a conflict between these two tendercies, operating within the verbal communication channel rather than in a non-verbal channel. This interpretation is valid only if stuttering is a bona fide neurotic symptom, rather than a ‘mere habit’.
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