Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), mainly present in the cartilage and bone of animals, is known as a potential food-derived bioactive that has several biological functions, such as anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity. Sturgeon (Acipenser), an important fishery resource in China, contains an abundance of CS in their cartilage. In our previous study, we have extracted and purified CS from sturgeon cartilage. Herein, we further investigate the health benefits of sturgeon-derived chondroitin sulfate (SCS), especially for colorectal cancer treatment. The in vitro study indicated that SCS could inhibit the proliferation of the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with cell cycle arrest. In addition, SCS also led to extensive cellular apoptosis in colon cancer cell HCT-116 cells. Meanwhile, an in vivo study showed that SCS treatment significantly inhibited the tumor development of xenograft HCT-116 in mice via proliferation suppression and apoptosis induction. Further, a mechanistic study demonstrated that the apoptosis induction was mainly due to the activation of the Bcl-2 family-associated mitochondrial pathway. Overall, our results provided a basis for SCS as a promising agent against colon cancer.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world and could lead to more than 100,000 death annually [1]
The chondroitin sulfate extracted from both sturgeon skull and spine resulted in a significant inhibition of cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 1)
Spine-derived chondroitin sulfate with concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL was selected for the following tests
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world and could lead to more than 100,000 death annually [1]. The number of cases will rise over the following two decades as a consequence of the aging and growth of populations all over the world. Substantial progress has been made in the development of treatment options, which have radically changed the median overall survival of CRC patients. The mainstay of CRC treatment remains the use of cytotoxic agents, as well as irinotecan or oxaliplatin, which results in an average survival of 18 months when combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin or capecitabine [2]. It is important to develop new approaches for CRC inhibition and treatment.
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