Abstract
Abstract This chapter aims to show how qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) can be fruitfully applied for the operationalization and the empirical study of the time dimension. Different research strategies are presented and discussed: set calibration, temporal QCA, causal chains, two-step QCA, time-series QCA, and the execution of a separate QCA for each point in time, as well as other less common solutions. These research strategies refer to the incorporation of various conceptions of temporality in the analytical moment of QCA, that is, duration, sequences, tendency, and timing/time-sensitiveness. QCA-based mixed-method designs are also outlined, which are applied after a standard QCA to obtain an in-depth understanding of complex processes unfolding over time.
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