Abstract
Candida albicans were isolated from 36 isolates of the mouth people aged (2.5 – 63) years. A crude sample of bees propolis was collected from several apiaries in Mosul city and green apples were collected from the markets, evaluating antifungal of fluconazole, methanol extract of propolis (MPE) and methanol extract of green apples peels (MEGAP) were different concentration (125,250,375,500,750,1000,1500)ug/ml, each one alone and as combination of (fluconazole 50%+ MPE 50%) and of (fluconazole 50%+ MEGAP50%). Each one alone, the fluconazole only had inhibitory effect against C.albicans. As combination, the synergistic effect was observed of both combination (fluconazole 50% + EMP 50%) and (fluconazole 50%+MEGAP 50%) against C.albicans. In comparing between two combination observed that it was outdoing in a synergistic effect of (EMP) compared with (EMGAP) specially at concentrations (750 , 1000, 1500) ug/ml.
Highlights
In recent times, there has been a rapid increase in fungal infections globally and this could be attributed mainly to increased susceptibility of individuals to infection due to immunosuppression and invasive drug therapy (Schmidt-Westhausen et al, 2004; Sims et al, 2005; Schwab et al.,1997) reported the increased adherence of Candida albicans to buccal epithelial cells obtained from AIDS patients compared to non-sufferers
Multiple resistant phenotypes of C.albicans have been found to coexist during episodes of oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS patients (Lopez- Ribot et al, 1999).C. albicans cells are protected by cell walls which mediate interaction with the host for adhesion and modulation of antifungal immune response in their host (Poulain and Jouault, 2004)
Candida albicans was isolated from isolates from the mouth of people aged (2.5 – 63) years, using sabroud dextrose agar (SDA), and tryptone soya agar (TSA) as growth media, and using serum blood (SB) as diagnostic media, incubate in Cfor 24 day (Sagar, 2016; Bougnoux et al.,1999)
Summary
There has been a rapid increase in fungal infections globally and this could be attributed mainly to increased susceptibility of individuals to infection due to immunosuppression and invasive drug therapy (Schmidt-Westhausen et al, 2004; Sims et al, 2005; Schwab et al.,1997) reported the increased adherence of Candida albicans to buccal epithelial cells obtained from AIDS patients compared to non-sufferers. Epidemiological studies associate phenolic consumption with lower mortality, especially caused by coronary diseases They present multiple biological properties, which are of growing interest for consumers due to the high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti allergic, anti thrombosis and antimicrobial activities (Kanner et al, 1994; Frankel et al, 1995; Koga et al, 1999; Eberhardt et al, 2000; Jayaprakasha et al, 2003; Baydar et al, 2004; Shoji et al, 2004). The Greek word propolis means to glue and describes the role of propolis to cement openings of the bee hive. Propolis was mentioned by the Greek philosopher Aristoteles In his Historiaanimalium it was referred to a substance which the bees smeared at the hive entrance and used as cure for bruises and sores (Crane, 1999). From 2000 to 2012, 112 flavonoids were identified in different type of propolis (Righi et al, 2011)
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