Abstract
LiNbO3 (LN) crystal has been widely used as a pyroelectric material due to its spontaneous electric polarization, which could be recharged easily and can directly convert heat energy into electricity. LN crystal’s heat-resistant, low-cost, and low dielectric loss properties make it possible for its applications in room-temperature pyroelectric devices and thermal sensors. However, LN crystal suffers from fragility, inflexibility, and other mechanical properties, which limit its suitability for many applications in various fields. In this study, the LN modified flexible pyroelectric films, composed of LN micro-particles, polypropylene (PP) matrix, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), are successfully fabricated. The pyroelectric effects of LN crystal and LN/PP/MWCNT composite films are characterized by monitoring the patterned self-assembly of nanoparticles and the output pyroelectric currents. The excellent pyroelectric properties of the composites have potential applications in energy harvesters or sensors.
Highlights
Research on the pyroelectric effect has been greatly promoted with the rapid development of new technologies such as laser and infrared scanning imaging [1–4]
As a kind of ferroelectric material, LiNbO3 (LN) has attracted great attention due to its large nonlinear optical coefficient to be used as nonlinear optical materials with a high Curie temperature (Tc, ~ 1413 K) and melting point (Tm, ~ 1523 K) [18–20]
The polar crystal structure of LN crystals exhibits spontaneous polarization that can be changed by temperature variations [21, 22]
Summary
Research on the pyroelectric effect has been greatly promoted with the rapid development of new technologies such as laser and infrared scanning imaging [1–4]. The investigation on the pyroelectric effect and related phenomena in various ferroelectric materials (FEM) are used for the generation of pyroelectric convertors for various purposes including single and multi-element pyroelectric detectors of radiation (PDR) [5–7]. As a kind of ferroelectric material, LiNbO3 (LN) has attracted great attention due to its large nonlinear optical coefficient to be used as nonlinear optical materials with a high Curie temperature (Tc, ~ 1413 K) and melting point (Tm, ~ 1523 K) [18–20]. The nonlinear optical coefficients were linear functions of spontaneous polarization, which are temperature dependence of polarization and are of prime importance in nonlinear research [23]. The spontaneous electric polarization properties of FEM enable it recharge with ease and can directly convert thermal energy into electricity [24]
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