Studying the immunological dysregulation in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Abstract Background: “Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)” is the most prevalent pregnancy-related metabolic condition, and its prevalence is rising globally. It is responsible for hyperglycemia in “pregnant women.” Early detection of pregnant women at risk of GDM is the first step toward administering effective preventative measures to reduce maternal and neonatal problems. The accurate identification of GDM is still debatable, and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), IL-18, and nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) are the most recent markers utilized in the diagnosis of GDM. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine (NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18) levels in the serum of women with GDM to know their role in immunological dysregulation in women with GDM. Materials and Methods: In this study, 89 individuals were used from August 2022 to December 2022; a total of 29 healthy participants and 60 pregnant with GDM were recruited. Healthy pregnancy and research participants ranged in age from 23 to 47 years, and all of them were analyzed using serum blood samples (3 mL). Results: Sixty patient women affirmatives out of 89 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); we determined that our GDM participants met the inclusion criteria. The findings of the (NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18) ELISA kit indicated that the level of markers was greatest in GDM (P = 0.01). The detection of (NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18) is made possible by using ELISA kit. This suggests that the levels of these markers are higher in pregnant patients than in controls. Conclusion: Patients in Babylon Province with GDM had significantly higher than average levels of (NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18).