Abstract
BackgroundCanine diabetes mellitus has mostly been studied in northern European, Australian and American populations, whereas other regions have received less attention.ObjectivesWe evaluated the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological features of diabetic dogs in Gran Canaria, Spain.MethodsPrevalence and incidence were estimated. Clinical features were analysed, and serum and genomic DNA were obtained. Dogs with presumed idiopathic or immune‐mediated diabetes, were DLA‐typed and antibodies against GAD65 and IA‐2 were assessed. Pancreases from ten diabetic dogs were examined and compared with pancreases from non‐diabetic dogs.Results and conclusionsTwenty‐nine diabetic dogs were identified in a population of 5,213 (prevalence: 0.56%; incidence: 0.37%). Most were female (79%) and sexually intact (87% of females, 83% of males). Diabetes secondary to dioestrus (55.2%) and insulin‐deficient diabetes (20.7%) were the most frequent types. Antibodies against GAD65 and IA‐2 were identified in two out of five cases and DLA‐genotyping revealed novel haplotypes. Breed distribution differed between diabetic and non‐diabetic dogs. Reduced number of pancreatic islets and β‐cell mass were observed, with vacuolation of islet cells and ductal epithelium. In this population, where neutering is not standard practice, diabetes secondary to dioestrus is the most frequent diabetes subtype. Genetic susceptibility also differed from previous studies. These results support the heterogeneous pathogenesis of canine diabetes.
Highlights
Canine diabetes mellitus has mostly been studied in northern European, Australian and American populations, whereas other regions have received less attention
Disease prevalence was calculated as the number of Canine diabetes mellitus (cDM) cases divided by the total number of dogs attending the hospital during the given period, and incidence as the number of newly diagnosed cases divided by the total number of dogs seen per year
From 2009 to 2012, a total of 29 dogs with cDM were identified from a mean total population of 1,738 (±146) dogs per year [mean prevalence 0.56% (0.20) and mean incidence per year 0.37% (0.16)]
Summary
Canine diabetes mellitus has mostly been studied in northern European, Australian and American populations, whereas other regions have received less attention. Objectives: We evaluated the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological features of diabetic dogs in Gran Canaria, Spain. Dogs with presumed idiopathic or immune-mediated diabetes, were DLA-typed and antibodies against GAD65 and IA-2 were assessed. Results and conclusions: Twenty-nine diabetic dogs were identified in a population of 5,213 (prevalence: 0.56%; incidence: 0.37%). Breed distribution differed between diabetic and non- diabetic dogs. Reduced number of pancreatic islets and β-cell mass were observed, with vacuolation of islet cells and ductal epithelium. In this population, where neutering is not standard practice, diabetes secondary to dioestrus is the most frequent diabetes subtype. These results support the heterogeneous pathogenesis of canine diabetes
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