Abstract
Composite films made from blends ofPolyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Lignosulfonate (LS) were prepared using the casting technique in this study.The aim was to investigate the impact of LS concentrations at (0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 wt. %) on the optical, thermal, and structural properties of PVA.The composite films were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Results showed that adding LS led to a more compact structural arrangement, increasing the refractive index and amorphous phase due to the composites disorder, which reduced the optical energy gap. The Absorbance of the PVA/LS composite film increased as LS concentration increased, indicating a strong intermolecular interaction between LS and PVA. This interaction suggested a strong hydrogen bond formation between the hydroxy group in PVA chains and the outer site groups of LS. These findings suggest that LS can effectively modulate the optical properties of PVA, making it useful in various fields such as optics and photonics.
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