Abstract
Herein we show the effect of heat treatment of two dimensional layered titanium carbide structure (Ti3C2Tx), so called MXene. As prepared MXene has functional groups -OH, -F, -Cl. In order to remove the functional groups we heat treated the MXene in Ar (with 0.01% O2) and H2 (with 0.01% H2O) atmospheres. We discovered the significant decrease in the amount of functional groups (-F and -Cl) and increase in the -O content, which refers to the oxidation of the material. Also we determined the optimal regime for Raman spectroscopy in order to avoid any changes in the structure of the material. We revealed that titanium carbide changes its structure at 700 °C and 900 °C into two different titanium dioxide modifications like rutile and anatase in Ar (with 0.01% O2) atmosphere. Also there are small changes occurred in Ti3C2Tx structure and formation of amorphous carbon after 700 °C treatment in H2 (with 0.01% H2O) atmosphere and formation of TiO2 (rutile) at 900 °C. Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the reduction of functional groups at 700 °C in both atmospheres and total disappearance of –F and –Cl and increasing the oxygen at 900 °C. The huge increase of oxygen by atomic percent, can be explained by the initial oxygen content in argon and hydrogen gases.
Highlights
The 2D materials attract a great interest since the discovery of graphene, because of their unique electrical and mechanical properties [1]
We discovered the significant decrease in the amount of functional groups (-F and -Cl) and increase in the -O content, which refers to the oxidation of the material
We determined the optimal regime for Raman spectroscopy in order to avoid any changes in the structure of the material
Summary
The 2D materials attract a great interest since the discovery of graphene, because of their unique electrical and mechanical properties [1]. MXene has good electrical conductivity and hydrophilic properties [4], which makes it possible to use in energy storage devices [5]. It has promising performance as an electrode material in electrochemical capacitors [6]. After selective etching of “A” element from MAX phase, the material has a surface terminations (typically -O,-OH, -F) as a product from chemical process between the material and etchant [8]. It is been reported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations that pure MXene has higher theoretical capacitance in Li-ion batteries than those which has surface terminations [9‒10]. There was a significant reduction of functional groups, which was determined by EDX (Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis
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