Study the structural and magnetic properties of rare-earth ions (La and Gd) doped Ba0.9575Ca0.0025Ti0.80685Mn0.002475Nb0.002475Zr0.1782O3 (BCTMNZ) ceramics

Abstract

In this paper, we investigated the influence of rare earth ([Formula: see text] and Gd) doped Ba[Formula: see text]RE[Formula: see text]Ca[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text] Mn[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text]Zr[Formula: see text]O3 (BCTMNZ) ceramics were fabricated by using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The doping effects of La and Gd on the structural and magnetic properties were studied. The structural pattern of the ceramic samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction and the results indicated that both samples shows an orthorhombic structure with pure phase. Strain and crystalline size values for Gd and La doped were 0.31–0.33% and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]m, respectively. The room temperature hysteresis loops were obtained by using a vibrating sample magnetometer. La doped ceramic showed the higher value of magnetization i.e., [Formula: see text]B/f.u. as compared to Gd doped BLTMNZ ceramics.