Study the prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in all Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients at tertiary health care centre

Abstract

Background: Co-infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and tuberculosis(TB) is considered to be one of the emerging medical conditions responsible for huge social and economic burden globally. Tuberculosis is leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS. Methodology: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care centre of a city in Maharashtra between the periods of 1st August 2019 to July 2020. Study population were IPD patients from department of pulmonary medicine of tertiary health care centre. Sampling technique: Every fifth PTB diagnosed patient admitted in ward of pulmonary medicine department was included in the study till the sample size was achieved. The data was entered to excel sheet and analyzed by Windows 10 excel software. Result: study subjects were from age group 16-30 years of age, in this age group 2 (0.75%) patient was co-infected with PTB and HIV. 86(32.33%) study subjects were from age group 31 – 45 years of age from this age group 8 (3.00%) patients were HIV PTB co-infected. 2(0.75%) patient was there in age group 13-15 years of age. Symptoms of study subjects in PTB with HIV patients most common symptoms were weight loss(100%), Loss of appetite(100%) and evening rise of fever (85.71%).While in PTB without HIV patients loss of appetite evening rise of fever and weight loss was most common symptoms. In patients of PTB and HIV co-infection, sputum smear positive rate was lower, 6 out of 14 patients (42.86%) as compared to patients without PTB and HIV co-infection, 148 out of 252(i.e., 58.73%). Conclusion: It can be concluded from our study that there is difference n demography of HIV co-infection with Tuberculosis also it differed in clinical and radiological features also we have noted that the mortality of HIV –TB co-infection was having higher mortality i.e. 14.28% as compared to without co-infection i.e. 3.96%, hence prompt treatment by antiviral drugs and timely screening for TB and timely treatment is mandatory.