Abstract
Rotaviruses, a major cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide accounts for around half a million deaths annually. Vaccine against the virus has been recommended by the WHO to be involved in the national immunization program.To evaluate the genetic characterization of rotavirus among children with acute gastroenteritis in Babylon province is warranted. Children complained of diarrhea with rotavirus infection detected in their stool were involved in the study. The age range was 10 months to 60 months and with retrogradechecking of rotavirus vaccine history. Rotavirus genotypes were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).A total number of 40 children with rotavirus gastroenteritis were used to examine the rotavirus genotyping distribution. The prevalent genotypes were found to be G1, G9, and G2. No significant difference in the distribution of the length of diarrhea according to genotype. Vaccinated children exhibited significantly higher percentage of G2 while G1 and G9 were presented more considerably in not vaccinated children.We detected a variety of rotavirus strains includingthe major global genotypes.Obviously, rotavirus strains are continuing to vary in Iraq. The vaccination changes the genotype prevalence and this situation may create challenges to the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines and planning for future polices.
 
 Keywords: Rotavirus, Vaccine, Genotype.
Highlights
Rotavirus infection is the most significant cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide (1)
Patients Thisstudy was done as a cross sectional one enroll a total of (349) sample population composed of children attended three primary health centers and Babylon Hospital for Maternal and Pediatrics in Babylon province were screened for positive rotavirus infection.Samples were collected during the period from October 2016 to August 2017
In table (8a),Vaccinated children with positive rotavirus infection were significantly associated with longer duration of diarrhea compared to non-vaccinated children(P< 0.01)
Summary
Rotavirus infection is the most significant cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide (1). About 150 million episodes of diarrhea in children which need hospital care, andnearly 500,000 deaths globally for children beneath 5 years were attributed to rotavirus infection (2). In Iraq, rotavirus is a major cause of nosocomial infectious diarrheaof nearly (18.5%), occurring primarily among children younger than 5 years of age (3, 4). Rotavirus can infect children numerous times during their lives with first infection, after three months of age, is most probably cause severe diarrhea and dehydration.Young children with primary rotavirus infection do not have immunity against re-infection, such an infection protects against the progress of clinically severe disease process during rotavirus new infection. VP4 and VP7, the two outer capsid proteins, contribute to the development of immunity by stimulating the production of neutralizing antibody (8)
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