Abstract
In response to rising concerns about the effect of sulfate on water quality, human health, and agriculture, many jurisdictions around the world are imposing tighter regulations for sulfate discharge. This is driving the need for environmental compliance in industries like mining, metal processing, pulp and paper, sewage treatment, and chemical manufacturing. The sulfate removal from synthetic water by high cross-linked polystyrene divinylbenzene resin was studied at batch experiments in this study. The effect of pH, contact time, sulfates concentration, and adsorbent dose on the sulfate sequestration was investigated. The optimum conditions were studied on Saline water as a case study. The results showed that with increasing of the absorbent amount; contact time, and pH improve the efficiency of sulfate removal. The maximum sulfates uptake was obtained in pH and contact time 3.0 and 120 min, respectively. Also, with increasing initial concentration of sulfates in water, the efficiency of sulfate removal decreased. The obtained results in this study were matched with Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) and constant rate were found 0.318 (mg/g) and 0.21 (mg/g.min), respectively. This study also showed that in the optimum conditions, the sulfate removal efficiency from Saline water by 0.1 mg/L sulfates was 65.64 %. Eventually, high cross-linked polystyrene divinylbenzene resin is recommended as a suitable and low cost absorbent to sulfate removal from aqueous solutions.
Highlights
Sulfates are widely popular for this application because of its ability to kill bacteria and other disease-causing organisms at relatively low concentrations
High cross-linked polystyrene divinylbenzene resin are good at removing sulfate residual from water but the actual
Maximum adsorption at acidic pH indicates that the low pH leads to an increase in H? ions on the resin surface which results in significantly strong electrostatic attraction between positively charged anionic polystyrene divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) resin surface and sulfate ions
Summary
Sulfates are widely popular for this application because of its ability to kill bacteria and other disease-causing organisms at relatively low concentrations. There are many health concerns regarding residual sulfates in water. This is mainly because sulfates are not naturally needed by the body, and as a halogen, it tends to inactivate enzymes (Okuo et al 2008). Other concerns are aesthetic such as sulfate taste and odor These concerns inform the need for an effective means of water dechlorination after disinfection at low cost. High cross-linked polystyrene divinylbenzene resin are good at removing sulfate residual from water but the actual. Appl Water Sci (2017) 7:309–313 rates of sulfate removal by high cross-linked polystyrene divinylbenzene resin obtained from different local raw materials need to be determined. Adsorption isotherms and sulfate removal kinetics from water using high cross-linked polystyrene divinylbenzene resin from selected local raw materials were considered (Kleiner and Eggert 2001)
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