Abstract
BackgroundThe current literature suggests that forming implementation intentions (simple ‘if-then’ plans) about how to refuse the offer of a cigarette may be an effective intervention to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents. This study is a pragmatic trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such an intervention in reducing smoking initiation in a sample of UK adolescents.Methods/DesignA cluster randomised controlled trial with at least 36 schools randomised to receive an implementation intention intervention targeting reducing smoking initiation (intervention group) or increasing homework (control group). Interventions will be conducted at the classroom level and be repeated every six months for four years (eight interventions). Objectively assessed (carbon monoxide monitor) and self-reported smoking plus smoking related cognitions (e.g., smoking intentions, attitudes, norms and self-efficacy) will be assessed at baseline and 12, 24, 36 and 48 months post baseline. Objectively assessed smoking at 48 months post baseline will be the primary outcome variable. Health economic analyses will assess life years gained.DiscussionThe results of the trial will provide information on the impact of a repeated implementation intention for refusing offers of cigarettes on rates of smoking initiation in adolescents.Trial registrationISRCTN27596806
Highlights
The current literature suggests that forming implementation intentions about how to refuse the offer of a cigarette may be an effective intervention to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents
The present paper reports the protocol for an intervention designed to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents as potentially the most effective way to reduce smoking-related harm
This is a simple intervention that could be deployed across most schools in order to help tackle smoking initiation in adolescent groups
Summary
Both in the UK and internationally, tobacco smoking continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Our research has shown that the repeated formation of implementation intentions about how to refuse offers of cigarettes can have a strong effect on reducing smoking initiation rates among adolescents [8,12] This is a simple intervention that could be deployed across most schools (i.e., has wide reach) in order to help tackle smoking initiation in adolescent groups. Research questions The following research questions will be addressed in this trial: Can repeated implementation intentions related to refusing offers of cigarettes reduce smoking initiation rates in 11–16 year olds relative to a control group of adolescents?
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
