Study on Working Pairs of Sorption Type Air Conditioner for Electric Vehicles under Different Temperature Zones

Abstract

The air conditioning (AC) system of electric vehicles (EVs) consumes a large part of electricity of on-board batteries and influences the continue voyage course seriously. The feasibility of sorption type AC for EVs has been verified theoretically to decrease this part of energy consumption. However, the choice of optimal working pairs based on local working conditions is not considered before, which can realize not only high efficiency but also the steady and reliable operation. Thus in this paper, different solid sorption working pairs used in sorption type AC under different temperature zones are studied. We utilized Rubotherm balance test unit to study the sorption properties of various working pairs (halide-ammonia) and selected candidate working pairs by Clapeyron equation and energy analysis. Results show that MnCl2 is the only choice for cold temperate zone (CTZ) and CaCl2 is optimal for warm temperate zone (WTZ), while the mixed double halide (MnCl2 and CaCl2) is recommended in other zones. In middle temperate zone (MTZ), the probability for performance dropping down is relatively large, thus the ratio (CaCl2:MnCl2) is recommended as 0.33-1 to take advantage of the stability property of MnCl2. While in Qinghai-Tibet plateau cold area (QTPCA, the special temperature zone in China), the ratio is chosen as 2–3 because only under the limiting condition reaction [Ca(NH3)8]VCl2 ⇔ [Ca(NH3)4]Cl2+4NH3 is invalid. Because the continued high environmental temperature will increase the probability of limiting condition, ratio of subtropical zone (STZ) is still selected as 2–3 while that of tropical Zone (TZ) is 1–2. Taking WTZ under summer condition as example, by using sorption type AC with CaCl2 as sorbent, the increment voyage course (IVC) over the practical voyage course with conventional compression AC system (PVC) ranges from 9.4% to 37.7% for different type of EVs, i.e. the continue voyage course is increased effectively. This work provides the guidance for choosing optimal working pairs for actual utilization.