Abstract
This paper presents the combustion and emissions characteristics including volatile organic compound (VOC) of a common rail direct injection diesel engine fueled with palm oil biodiesel blends contained 0%, 10%, 30%, and 100% (by volume) biodiesel at low idle speed, i.e., 750 rpm. The nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions of biodiesel blends were lower than that of pure diesel and NOx tended to decrease as the blending ratio increased. Soot opacity and hydrocarbon (HC) were reduced with an increasing blend ratio. Carbon monoxide (CO) varied with the engine load conditions. Under low load, CO emissions tended to decrease with increasing blending ratio and increased under high load. Alkane and aromatic VOCs were mostly emitted. Benzene and tetrahydrofuran accounted for the largest percentage of total detected VOCs in all test conditions. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX, toxic aromatic VOCs) were detected for all tests. Among BTEX, benzene has the highest emission ratio, followed by xylene, toluene, and ethylbenzene. Benzene increased for all tests. At low engine load, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene decreased with increasing blend ratio. However, these increased at high engine load. When pure palm oil biodiesel was applied at high engine load, benzene decreased.
Highlights
Using internal combustion engines provide convenient transportation
The exhaust gas emitted from diesel engine contains higher amount of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter that causes of severe environmental problems affecting human health [4]
volatile organic compound (VOC) are emitted from various pollution sources, among them, vehicles using internal combustion engines are known to be the major source of VOCs in metropolitan areas with high densities of people [7,9]
Summary
Using internal combustion engines provide convenient transportation. air pollution and depletion of the resources caused by internal combustion engines are serious problems. Wang et al [7] checked the levels of VOCs using light-duty diesel vehicles under different regulation levels operated on real roads in a big city in China They reported that benzene is the most common material among the aromatic. Peng et al [33] studied the effects of the 20% soybean oil biodiesel blends on VOC emissions, and reported a reduction in aromatic VOCs such as toluene and xylene. BTEX (Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene), the toxic aromatic VOCs, emitted from engines of vehicles can directly affect people in the city at the low idle operation of real vehicles when parking or stopping at traffic lights. To thoroughly investigate the combustion and emission characteristics of the diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blends under idling conditions, we applied palm oil biodiesel and its blends to a common rail direct injection diesel engine at the lowest speed of 750 rpm. The combustion and exhaust characteristics were analyzed, including the regulated and unregulated pollutant emissions (VOCs and toxic aromatic VOCs-BTEX)
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