Study on Vegetative Growth and Yield of some Coloured Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) Kurdistan region, Iraq

Abstract

Seven cultivars of grapevine were chosen in one location from governmental vineyard Kanipanka research station, Sulaimani, Iraq included Khoshnaw, Soorssinaee, Sursnay Jafaran, Hautbar, Ashqarbasha, Shekh-Nuradeen and Black-Sadany, during growing season of 2018 to investigate the differences of vegetative growth and berries quality. The chosen vines were 15 years old, grown in a silty-clay soil, spaced at 2 x 3 meters apart, and irrigated by the drip irrigation system; the vines were trained by bilateral horizontal cordon on T-Trellis system. Results showed that grapevine cultivars grown in Kanipanka recorded the highest values of leaf area, petiole length and internod length in Hautbar cultivar (129.228 cm2, 9.611 cm and 8.444 cm ) respectively, Khoshnaw gave the highest Leaf chlorophyll concentration (38.713 SPAD), the highest leaf dry weight and leaf fresh weight was recorded from Ashqar basha cultivar (1.283 g.Leaf-1 and 2.933 g.Leaf-1, Black -Sadany gave the highest shoot length which was 137.667 cm. Comparison the yield characteristics of some grape varieties the highest cluster weight ,cluster diameter, cluster length and number of berry/cluster (219.778 g, 15.667 cm, 27.167 cm and 109.667) respectively was obtained in Sursnay Jafaran. While, all the cultivars have no significant difference in terms of number of seed per berry and cluster weight. For the physical characteristics of berries; results showed that Hautbar cultivar superior other cultivars in term of size of 100 berries, weight of 100 berries, berry length, berry diameter and weight of 100 seeds, (411.3 cm3, 434.36 g, 19.953 mm, 17.133 mm, 40.23g) respectively. Soorssinaee and Sursnay Jafaran gave the highest berry diameter too (21.439 and 19.542 mm). Concerning the comparison of chemical characteristics between some local grape varieties in Kanipanka, results illustrate that total acidity was the highest at Black -Sadany which was (1.47 %). Soorssinaee and Hautbar gave the highest total sugar (72.18 and 73.20 %) respectively. The highest TSS recorded from Shekh Nuradeen (18 %), whereas, there is no significant difference between cultivars in terms of juice% and Anthocyanin.