Abstract
In this paper, nickel-containing residue, a typical solid waste produced in the battery production process, was used to study the cavitation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in a liquid–solid reaction. The ultrasonically-enhanced leaching technology for multicomponent and complex nickel-containing residue was studied through systematic ultrasonic-conventional comparative experiments. An ultrasonic leaching kinetics model was established which provided reliable technological guidance and basic theory for the comprehensive utilization of nickel-containing residue. In the study, it was found that ultrasonically-enhanced leaching for 40 min obtained the same result as conventional leaching for 80 min, and the Ni extraction degree reached more than 95%. According to the kinetic fitting of the leaching process, it was found that the sulfuric acid leaching process belonged to the diffusion-controlled model of solid product layers under conventional and ultrasonic conditions, and the activation energy of the reaction was Ea1 = 17.74 kJ/mol and Ea2 = 5.04 kJ/mol, respectively.
Highlights
With the rapid development of the battery industry, the amount of wastewater containing heavy metals produced by battery enterprises is increasing [1]
Su et al [11] studied the effect of leaching valuable metals from the electroplating sludge under acidic conditions and found that the leaching rate of copper was as high as 80.6% when the concentration of phosphate participation in hydrochloric acid medium was 1.5 mol/L, the liquid–solid ratio was 10:1, and the temperature was 40 ◦ C
Ultrasonic leaching: The details of the treatment procedure were similar to the conventional leaching described above other than the fact that the samples were treated in an ultrasonic bath having different ultrasonic power levels (300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 W)
Summary
With the rapid development of the battery industry, the amount of wastewater containing heavy metals produced by battery enterprises is increasing [1]. Nickel could be extracted without Cr using an ammonia medium, but the nickel conversion rate was only 50%, which is much lower than that of sulfuric acid leaching This was because the metals in the sludge mainly existed in the form of oxides. Su et al [11] studied the effect of leaching valuable metals from the electroplating sludge under acidic conditions and found that the leaching rate of copper was as high as 80.6% when the concentration of phosphate participation in hydrochloric acid medium was 1.5 mol/L, the liquid–solid ratio was 10:1, and the temperature was 40 ◦ C. The nickel-containing residue produced from battery manufacturing was used as raw material, and the ultrasonic method was used to supplement an acid leaching process. This study was completed to find a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and economic nickel leaching process
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