Study on Types of Umbilical Cord Insertion in Normal and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Abstract

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is said to be in neonates whose birth weight is less thantenth percentile of the average for gestational age. IUGR is associated with short and long-term complicationswhich can severely impact quality of life. Placental size, weight and shape may vary within wide extreme values.Ability to transfer nutrients is related to placental size. Decreased placental surface area and size are associatedwith increased risk of IUGR. Umbilical cord is the key marker for intrauterine complications. It is one of the mostimportant part of fetoplacental unit that transfer vital nutrients to fetus. This current study was taken to find outthe difference in placental morphometric features and to find the correlation between placental and neonatalweight.Materials and methods: This study included 100 samples which were equally divided into cases and controls.Placenta was collected after delivery and the data is measured quantitatively.Results: Central insertion of umbilical cord observed in IUGR in our study was 40%, eccentric was 20%, marginalwas 38%, velamentous insertion was 2% while furcate insertion observed was nil in our study.Conclusion: Central and marginal insertion was prevalent in IUGR in our study. Types of cord insertion plays alsoplays role in transfer of nutrients. Vasculature being the most important factor the growth of fetus, any imbalancein it will alter the growth.