Abstract
Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine and has the extensive pharmacological activity. Ginsenosides are the major constituent in ginseng and have the unique biological activity and medicinal value. Ginsenosides have the good effects on antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and inhibition of the cell apoptosis. Studies have showed that the major ginsenosides could be converted into rare ginsenosides, which played a significant role in exerting pharmacological activity. However, the contents of some rare ginsenosides are very little. So it is very important to find the effective way to translate the main ginsenosides to rare ginsenosides. In order to provide the theoretical foundation for the transformation of ginsenoside in vitro, in this paper, many methods of the transformation of ginsenoside were summarized, mainly including physical methods, chemical methods, and biotransformation methods.
Highlights
Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is used in ancient eastern countries
Enzymatic hydrolysis Intestinal bacteria Endophytic bacteria Edible fungi Soil microbe that some malonyl ginsenosides were generated in the heated white ginseng, while they were not detected in the steaming ginseng, and the contents of malonyl ginsenosides would be decreased during steaming
The results indicated that the hydrolysis of Cellulase12T was more effective than other enzymes, by hydrolyzing the β-glycosidic linkage at C-20 in protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides
Summary
Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is used in ancient eastern countries. Ginsenosides and polysaccharides are the main active substances in ginseng. Ginseng has so many pharmacological activities because of ginsenosides. Ginsenosides showed many bioactive and pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, and antioxidant [9,10,11,12]. Some researchers suggested that minor ginsenoside and aglycone are superior to the major ginsenoside at antitumor [13]. The contents of minor ginsenoside and aglycone are low or few in ginseng. Minor ginsenosides extracted from plants cannot satisfy the scientific researches and the clinical requirements. The researches about the conversion of ginsenosides have obtained many significant results and studies on the transformation mechanism made some progress [15, 16]
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