Abstract
Thyroid disorder is a very common endocrine problem encountered by pregnant women. Maternal thyroid dysfunction is associated with adverse outcome both in mother and fetus.
 The aim of the study: to find out the prevalence of various thyroid disorders in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic.
 Materials and methods. This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, F.M. Medical College & Hospital, Balasore, Odisha from June 2020 to May 2021. 220 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy were included. Serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) were estimated by using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay technique.
 Results. Out of 220 pregnant women screened for thyroid dysfunction, 68 were found to have thyroid disorders. 27.3 % of pregnant women had subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.4 % had overt hypothyroidism, 1.8 % had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 0.5 % had overt hyperthyroidism. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.36 % when the upper reference limit of TSH level taken as 4 mIU/L. Prevalence of thyroid disorder among pregnant women in the age groups 18–25 years, 26–30 years and 31–40 years were 28.9 %, 32.1 % and 38.9 % respectively. There were 35.5 %, 28 % and 26 % pregnant women with thyroid disorders in the first, second and third trimester respectively. Prevalence of both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism were more in multigravida compared to primigravida.
 Conclusion. Our study revealed high prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women and maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common pattern.
Highlights
Thyroid diseases are the second most common endocrine disorder affecting women in the reproductive period [1]
Serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3) estimation were done by using electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (e-CLIA) technique where commercially available kit (B63284-Access Reagent, 200) was used in UniCel DxI 600 Access Immunoassay System manufactured by Beckman Coulter
Among the 220 enrolled pregnant women subjected to thyroid function test, 121 (55 %) were between the age group of 18–25 years, 81 (36.8 %) were between the age group of 26–30 years, 16 (7.3 %) were between the age group of 31–35 years and 2 (0.9 %) were in the age group of 36–40 years. 104 (47.3 %) were primigravida, 67 (30.5 %) were second gravid and 49 (22.2 %) were gravid-3 and above. 90 (40.9 %), 107 (48.6 %) and 23 (10.5 %) were in first, second and third trimester of pregnancy respectively
Summary
Thyroid diseases are the second most common endocrine disorder affecting women in the reproductive period [1]. Thyroid hormone is necessary for fetal development and maturation. Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases before and during pregnancy is important for maintaining the health of the mother and baby. Production of thyroid hormones and iodine requirement are increased by approximately 50 % during pregnancy. At least 2 % to 3 % of pregnant women are affected by thyroid dysfunction. Prevalence of gestational hypothyroidism is more than gestational hyperthyroidism and it can lead to neonatal and child neurodevelopmental deficits and maternal obstetric complications
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