Abstract
The transport and crystallization processes of chromogenic 5.0% CuSO4 solution in the supporting body and coarse plaster of simulated wall painting samples were observed. A scanning electron microscope a and self-designed double-layer surface contact internal pressure method were used to test, respectively, the micro-morphologies of salt crystals in different regions and the micro-forces on the contact surfaces during the spread and crystallization of water and salt solution. The results demonstrate that the salt crystals formed by the CuSO4 solution on the surface of the simulated wall painting showed two different shapes: a salt belt formed by clustered crystals, and a layer of salt crust. The difference was speculated to be related to the crystals’ growth conditions. The destructive effect of salt solution and salt crystals on wall paintings manifested itself by weakening the connectivity between different materials, and changing the volume and morphology of the wall paintings. Using the double-layer surface contact internal pressure method, the forces generated by the salt solution and salt crystals on the simulated wall paintings were demonstrated to be adsorption force, expansion force generated by the crystals’ precipitation and growth, and suction force resulting from water loss and the shrinkage of crystals. The expansion force and suction force were not in a stable state, resulting in the contact surfaces continuously bending and stretching. Compared with pure water, salt solution can aggravate damage to the stability of wall paintings. This analysis of the transport, crystallization and micro-forces of a chromogenic salt solution in simulated wall painting samples can provide a scientific basis for studying the general patterns of damage caused by soluble salt to wall paintings during its transport and crystallization, and provide insight that can further the protection of cultural relics.
Highlights
IntroductionAncient murals are important historical treasures of great scientific and artistic value; they are precious sources for studying social production modes and lifestyles in various historical periods and essential carriers indicating different national cultures
Ancient murals are important historical treasures of great scientific and artistic value; they are precious sources for studying social production modes and lifestyles in various historical periods and essential carriers indicating different national cultures.owning to the complex composition of Chinese wall paintings, the migration, dissolution, and crystallization of salt solutions [1] gradually produces some serious forms of damage, including cracks, flaking, and detachment of the pigment layer, all of which put these ancient wall paintings at risk
CuSO4 continuously solution in simulated wall curve of crystallization the salt-containing sample decreased as the salt solution spread, painting samples was observed
Summary
Ancient murals are important historical treasures of great scientific and artistic value; they are precious sources for studying social production modes and lifestyles in various historical periods and essential carriers indicating different national cultures. Owning to the complex composition of Chinese wall paintings, the migration, dissolution, and crystallization of salt solutions [1] gradually produces some serious forms of damage, including cracks, flaking, and detachment of the pigment layer, all of which put these ancient wall paintings at risk. Soluble salt solutions have caused the plaster layer to expand, the surface structure to be loosened, and plaster layer material to fall off [2]. X FOR PEER REVIEW (a) of 15 22of (b) Figure 1.
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