Abstract
Panax ginseng is well known for its medicinal functions. As a class of important compound of ginseng, ginsenoside is widely studied around the world. In addition, ginseng glycopeptides also showed good biological activity, but researches in this field are rarely reported. In this study, ginseng glycopeptides (Gg) were first prepared from Panax ginseng by reflux extracted with 85% ethanol and the following purification with Sephadex G-15 column. Then, the inflammatory pain models induced by carrageenan and the rat pain models induced by Faure Marin were established for research on mechanism of analgesic activities. It is showed that Gg had an obvious inhibiting effect on inflammation and a significant reduction on the Malondialdehyde (MDA) of inflammatory foot tissue. And there were significant differences between moderate to high dose of Gg and model group in Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 2 (IL-2), Interleukin 4 (IL-4), Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and Histamine. The two models can be preliminarily determined that the analgesic effect of Gg may be peripheral, which mechanism may be related to the dynamic balance between proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, and Interleukin 10 (IL-10)). A series of methods were used to study Gg in physical-chemical properties and linking mode of glycoside. The high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for identification of the structure of Gg. Moreover, the structure of 20 major Gg were investigated and identified. The structural analysis of Gg was benefit for the next study on structure-activity relationship.
Highlights
The two models can be preliminarily determined that the analgesic effect of ginseng glycopeptides (Gg) may be peripheral, which mechanism may be related to the dynamic balance between proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, Interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, Interleukin 4 (IL-4), and Interleukin 10 (IL-10))
Glycopeptides were purified via a Sephadex G-15 column
A group of ginseng glycopeptide samples obtained by dialysis and Sephadex G-15 column purification was investigated
Summary
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) is commonly used as food and as a clinical medicine, not just as a compound or single herbal medicinal decoction. Due to the unique efficacy of drugs, ginseng has been widely considered by many scholars [1,2,3,4]. The composition of ginseng is complex, including ginsenosides, polypeptides, polysaccharide, glycoconjugates components, and other compounds. Ginsenosides are one class of compounds that are extensively studied for their identification and biological activities [5,6,7,8]. There are still other works that have focused on the research of ginseng polypeptides [9]. Some studies reported that the ginseng polysaccharides and glycoconjugates have a variety of biological activities [10]
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