Abstract

A model for water (H2O) molecule, the structure of ice, snow and liquid water were presented, and the reasons of formation of their specific characteristics were modeled in good coincidence with observed data. (1) A stable quasi rigid molecule structure may be constructed by dominant trajectories of electrons round and between the H-O-H nucleus according with the laws of Columb’s force and Kepler’s movement rule. The core of the water molecule is a isosceles triangle with ratio of distances between nucleus: (H-H)2/(H-O)2=2.5, which would be surrounded by moving electrons and form an equilateral triangular pyramid (ETP Model) with 2 pairs of “+/-” electricity endpoints and edge length of 0.48017nm. (2) The “+/-” endpoint of a water molecule may attract other “-/+” endpoint in distance of less than 0.27 nm. A molecule may joints other molecule to have all their 4 planes parallel each other and the 6 molecules may joint as a hexagon loop with a common plane and then these loops may similarly be formed for each plane of the pyramid and extend to whole space and form the water ice structure with Zigzag Hexagon Tunnel-Vacancy System (ZHTVS Model) with porosity of ≥2.28. (3) A “sheet model” of desublimation like the snowflake is more possible phenomenon below 0°C in air, possessing the self-similarity with the hexagon-sexangle-six needle forms. (4) The liquid water has the same structure of the solid ice, but because there is 1/11 possibility to have an appearance of double electrons at one endpoint of the pyramid with “-” charge, so when the temperature is above 0°C, a part of water molecules on the frame may possess the energy for separating from the frame, and will move into the tunnel/vacancy, being as a “free water molecule”. The total volume of the liquid water would decrease until to 4°C to the minimum. The ratio of density of solid water ice and liquid water is 11/12=0.916667. (5) The relationships of the specific characteristics of the water with its construction, such as density, expansibility, compressibility, specific heat capacity, electric and thermal conductivity, solubility for O2, H2S, NaCl, KCl, etc. were discussed and numerical modeled. The experiments of saturated solution of NaCl audio-visual indicated that there are tunnel/vacancy spaces for storing NaCl molecules/ions, and increasing the volume of 1/11 of water volume after freezing. (6) The surface structure of liquid water and the applications of research results are presented in other papers.

Highlights

  • Water is the extremely important carrier for matter and energy circle in Earth Ecosystem including oceanatmospheric system

  • (4) The liquid water has the same structure of the solid ice, but because there is 1/11 possibility to have an appearance of double electrons at one endpoint of the pyramid with “-” charge, so when the temperature is above 0°C, a part of water molecules on the frame may possess the energy for separating from the frame, and will move into the tunnel/vacancy, being as a “free water molecule”

  • “What is the structure of water?” is the 46th one of the essential frontier 125 scientific issues [1]

Read more

Summary

Introduction

Water is the extremely important carrier for matter and energy circle in Earth Ecosystem including oceanatmospheric system. A lot of specific characteristics of water had been described, but it is still far from clearly understanding about the reasons of their formation. There was a model on structure of water [2], which described as the atom O in the center of a Peimin Pu et al.: Study on the Structure Model of Water Molecule and the Reasons of Formation of. Some Characteristics of Liquid & Solid Water cubic box, and the 2 H atoms stay at the two across corners. A static balanced stable state model of water molecule is presented in this paper. The very specific stable structure of solid state of ice and snow and liquid state of water with huge flexibility are constructed on the basis of stable water molecules. “Haw the distinctive characteristics of water are related with its unique structure” would be analyzed and numerical simulated in this paper

An Equilateral Triangle Pyramid Model-ETP Model of Water Molecule
Calculation for Main Parameters of Water Molecule
Stereoscopic Electric Dipole Moment of Water Molecule
The Basic Characteristics of Water Molecule
Structure Model for Water Ice
Look at the Model of Water Ice from Point of View of Snowflake
The Relationship of the Specific
Specific Heat Capacity of Water
The Electric and Thermal Conductivity
Water as a Dissolvent
Findings
Conclusion
Full Text
Published version (Free)

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call