Abstract
As a natural polymer, gelatin is increasingly being used as a substitute for animals or humans for the simulation and testing of surgical procedures. In the current study, the similarity verification was neglected and a 10 wt.% or 20 wt.% gelatin sample was used directly. To compare the mechanical similarities between gelatin and biological tissues, different concentrations of gelatin samples were subjected to tensile, compression, and indentation tests and compared with porcine liver tissue. The loading rate in the three tests fully considered the surgical application conditions; notably, a loading speed up to 12 mm/s was applied in the indentation testing, the tensile test was performed at a speed of 1 mm/s until fracture, and the compression tests were compressed at a rate of 0.16 mm/s and 1 mm/s. A comparison of the results shows that the mechanical behaviors of low-concentration gelatin samples involved in the study are similar to the mechanical behavior of porcine liver tissue. The results of the gelatin material were mathematically expressed by the Mooney-Rivlin model and the Prony series. The results show that the material properties of gelatin can mimic the range of mechanical characteristics of porcine liver, and gelatin can be used as a matrix to further improve the similarity between substitute materials and biological tissues.
Highlights
The range and importance of material characteristics, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical behavior, which need to be addressed vary depending on the application
As far as biomechanical properties are concerned, it is generally believed that the mechanical behavior of biomaterials in different environments and different parts of the tissue is significantly different at different loading speeds [1]
Porcine liver tissue obtained from a slaughterhouse within two hours after death was used for the sample preparation, and three kinds of samples with the same size as the gelatin samples were prepared separately from the previous mold
Summary
The range and importance of material characteristics, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical behavior, which need to be addressed vary depending on the application. As far as biomechanical properties are concerned, it is generally believed that the mechanical behavior of biomaterials in different environments and different parts of the tissue is significantly different at different loading speeds [1]. Taking porcine liver as an example, Samur et al [1] measured the in vivo liver stress release curve within one hour after pig death under different compression speeds ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 8 mm/s. Gao and Desai [2] performed mechanical measurements on thawed porcine liver tissue at a tensile speed of 1.27 mm/s. Chui et al [3] measured the stressstrain curve of porcine livers at a maximum speed of 3.33 mm/s. The above curves all showed differences in the mechanical behavior of porcine liver tissue, especially when the deformation is large
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