Study on the prevalence and influence factors of inflammatory bowel disease complicated with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Objective To investigate the prevalence and possible influence factors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) complicated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) . Methods Patients diagnosed as IBD at The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, from March 2012 to March 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. These patients were divided into chronic kidney disease group and non-chronic kidney disease group according to the occurrence of CKD. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to reveal the influence factors of chronic kidney disease. Results A total of 2499 patients with inflammatory bowel disease were enrolled in this study. The follow-up period was (39 ± 18) months. Chronic kidney disease was found in 151 of 2499 patients, the overall prevalence was 6.04%. The prevalence of CKD in Crohn′s disease was higher than that in ulcerative colitis (7.22% vs. 3.58%, P<0.05) . Nine of 122 patients of Crohn′s disease complicated with chronic kidney disease underwent renal puncture, of whom 8 cases were diagnosed as IgA nephropathy. Compared with the non-chronic kidney disease group, the chronic kidney disease group had more male (78.15% vs. 68.57%, P = 0.01) , lower BMI (17.72 kg/m2 vs. 18.75kg/m2, P<0.05) , longer course of disease (36 months vs. 24 months, P = 0.02) , higher operation rate (23.18% vs. 11.24%, P<0.05) . Multivariate analysis showed that male (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.15-2.58) , IBD-associated surgical history (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.17-2.73) and the use of immunosuppressive agents (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.92-3.97) were the risk factors of inflammatory bowel disease complicated with chronic kidney disease, while normal BMI rather than low BMI (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.38-0.80) was the protection factor of inflammatory bowel disease complicated with chronic kidney disease. Conclusions Chronic kidney disease is not rare in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Male, IBD-associated surgical history and the use of immunosuppressive agents are the risk factors of chronic kidney disease in patients with IBD, while normal BMI is the protection factor. Key words: Inflammatory bowel disease; Chronic kidney disease; Prevalence; Clinical characteristics; Influence factors