Abstract
Ground-level ozone is a secondary pollutant produced by photochemical reactions and it adversely affects plant and human health. Taiyuan City, a typical city on the loess plateau, is suffering from severe ozone pollution. We utilized the data from eight national environmental monitoring sites of Taiyuan, including concentrations of O3 and nitric oxide, and meteorological factors, such as air temperature and wind, to study the pollution characteristics and sources of ozone (O3) in Taiyuan in 2018. Results show that during 2018, the maximum value and 90th percentile of the maximum 8-h running average of O3 concentration were 257 μg/m3 and 192 μg/m3, respectively. There were 72 days where the O3 concentration exceeded the standard in 2018, which were mainly during April to August. The O3 concentration increased from March, reached a high level in April through August, and decreased significantly from September. The O3 concentrations displayed a typical “single peak” diurnal variation, which was high during the day with peak at around 13:00–15:00 and low at night. From April to August, the O3 concentrations at Jinyuan was the highest, followed by Xiaodian and Taoyuan, and the O3 concentrations at Shanglan and Nanzhai were the lowest. When the O3 concentration exceeded the standard value, Jinyuan contributed the most to the O3 pollution of Taiyuan, followed by Taoyuan and Xiaodian. High temperature and pressure, south and southwest winds can lead to an increase in O3 concentration. The O3 pollution in the Taiyuan urban area is caused by local generation, and the transportation of polluted air masses containing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by industries, such as the coking and steel plants in counties of Jinzhong City in southern Taiyuan, and Qingxu County, and some counties in Lyuliang City to the southwest. In addition, the mountain winds and low nitric oxide concentration are the main reasons for the increase of O3 concentration, often observed in Shanglan at night.
Highlights
Ground-level O3 is a major component of photochemical oxidants, which is mainly generated by the photochemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight [1]
The O3 concentration in Taiyuan increased from March, reached a high value during April and August, and decreased significantly from September
The O3 concentration in Taiyuan displayed a typical “single peak” diurnal variation, which was high during the day, with peak around 13:00–15:00, and low at night
Summary
Ground-level O3 is a major component of photochemical oxidants, which is mainly generated by the photochemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight [1]. O3 pollution in many areas of China has been more severe year after year with increased urban population and number of motor vehicles. O3 has become another important pollutant next to PM2.5 affecting the air quality [7,8] in China. Located in the south of Taiyuan, Xiaodian district together with the areas to its south are characterized by open terrain, and the terrain of the areas to the north of Xiaodian are relatively narrow. When the north wind blows at a high speed the air pollutants can be dispersed effectively. When the south wind blows, the polluted air masses from the south and southwest of Taiyuan can be transported to Taiyuan, affecting the O3 concentration in the urban area of Taiyuan
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