Abstract
Geothermal energy has attracted attention as a high-efficiency energy source that can be used year-round, but it has a relatively higher initial investment cost. For the design of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, a calculation method to determine the capacity of a system to meet the peak load of the target building is usually used. However, this method requires excessive system capacity design, especially regarding buildings with partial load operations. In this study, the optimization of a system design was performed in the view of the cost of the lifecycle cost. Several optimization algorithms were considered, such as the discrete Armijo gradient algorithm, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and a coordinate search method algorithm. The results of the optimization described the system capacity (heat pump, ground heat exchanger, thermal storage tank, etc.) and the cost performance, showing that the total investment cost was reduced compared to the existing design.
Highlights
The priority areas for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction are the energy efficiency and renewable energy sectors, and it was mentioned that the support of the private sector and local governments are important for the parties to achieve their GHG reduction goals [1]
The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm exhibited the lowest investment cost among the optimization algorithms used in this case
The results showed that the design method with the optimization algorithm reduced the system capacity and the initial cost of the ground source heat pump (GSHP) system, which was a weak point regarding its wide-spread introduction
Summary
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) secretariat published a second comprehensive report on the analysis of the 161 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction effects, submitted by 189 parties. The priority areas for GHG reduction are the energy efficiency and renewable energy sectors, and it was mentioned that the support of the private sector and local governments are important for the parties to achieve their GHG reduction goals [1]. South Korea announced the “2030 GHG reduction roadmap” to respond to such environmental problems [3], and it has implemented the “renewable energy 3020” plan [4] to improve the proportion of renewable energy power generation to 20% in 2030, thereby actively participating in international efforts against climate change to reduce GHG emissions.
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