Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one group of pharmaceuticals that belong in the over-the-counter (OTC) drug category. Recently these drugs have been detected in different water matrices, such as wastewater and surface water. Even though these drugs are those most consumed, very few studies have reported on the occurrence of NSAIDs in water matrices in India. In this chapter, some of those reported studies are reviewed in order to reveal the occurrence of NSAIDs in different regions of India. Every year an increase in influent concentration has been observed in most cases, which highlights the importance of region-specific monitoring of NSAIDs in water matrices. The presence of these drugs in water bodies presents a grave threat to aquatic organisms. The method for performing an Environmental Risk Assessment is also included in this chapter to understand the potential ecotoxicological effects caused by these drugs on aquatic organisms. Even though wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) cannot completely remove NSAIDs, some treatment technologies have been successful in efficiently removing certain micro pollutants. The process to remove NSAIDs will differ depending upon the treatment technologies and the properties of the drugs. Removal of these drugs through different treatment technologies is also reviewed in this chapter.
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