Abstract
The influence of film structure on the release kinetics of sodium benzoate (SB) from polymeric films is addressed in this study. In particular, four film structures were investigated, two monolayer and two multilayer systems. In particular, in one case, the active substance was uniformly distributed into a chitosan-based matrix, and in the other one, it was previously incorporated into alginate beads before dispersion in the chitosan film, thus realizing two types of monolayer films; on the other hand, the same chitosan film with SB encapsulated in alginate beads was used as the inner layer of a multilayer system constituted by two side films of alginate. The two alginate-based layers were made with two different thicknesses, thus producing a total of two multilayer systems. The release of SB from the above-mentioned films in water was studied by means of a UV/VIS spectrophotometer at 227 nm. A first-order kinetics-type equation was used to quantitatively describe the release data. Results suggest that the film structure strongly affected the release kinetics. In fact, monolayer films showed single-stage release kinetics, whereas the two investigated multilayer systems showed two-stage release kinetics. Further, the presence of alginate beads strongly affected the SB release, thus suggesting the potential of encapsulation to control the release mechanism of active compounds.
Highlights
It is widely recognized that environmental impact generated by petroleum-derived polymers paves the route for the development of biodegradable and/or renewable alternatives
A substantially stochastic phenomenon, where the penetrant flows exclusively driven by a concentration gradient, and a relaxation phenomenon driven by the distance of the local system from the equilibrium [38]
Results of this study suggest that both film structure and beads incorporation influenced the sodium benzoate (SB) pathway to the outer water solution
Summary
It is widely recognized that environmental impact generated by petroleum-derived polymers paves the route for the development of biodegradable and/or renewable alternatives. Polysaccharides, proteins and lipids are natural sources with film-forming properties that present numerous advantages such as biodegradability, edibility, biocompatibility, aesthetic appearance and, after proper fortification, barrier properties against oxygen and physical stress [1]. In this perspective, biodegradable packaging with antimicrobial properties represents a valid solution to face the quality decay of food and beverages [2,3]. Both ionic and covalent immobilization require the presence of functional groups on the antimicrobial molecule and on the polymer; very often these systems need further chemical modifications to allow the active molecule being in contact with the target microorganism [7]
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