Abstract
Ammonia has a very significant value in the fertilizer industry where it was being synthesized via Haber-Bosch process in the early 19th century. As the process utilize high operating conditions, it imposes high capital cost and is an energy-consuming process. Due to this unsustainable process, researchers have initiated an alternative to overcome this drawback by performing a simulation in microfluidic environment using ambient temperature and pressure (25°C and 1 atm). Wires element configured in a 50 mm x 10 mm, (L x D) dimension monolithic channel with different spacing and number of wires, arranged axially in 60o pitch have been introduced to investigate the dynamic mixing of nitrogen and hydrogen for ammonia synthesis. As the wires are configured in a different manner, the results show dissimilar volume fraction profile, contours and mixing index. Creating suitable obstruction with larger obstruction space enhanced the mixing. Reducing spacing from 2 mm to 1.5 mm illustrates fluctuating velocity at the centre of the channel causing the flow velocity become less than the set velocity 0.05ms -1 . By substituting from 19 wires to 13 wires to the flow, chaotic advection occurs lead to the increased of mixing index up to 94%.
Highlights
Ammonia (NH3) is well-known in the industry for various applications with a high percentage, of 80% approximately from the total production, has been applied in synthetic fertilizer, causing a great market demand in the industry business [1]
The range of velocity profile is standardized from 0 ms-1 until 0.09 ms-1 while the range for volume fraction is from 0 to 1 which is illustrated at the legend on the right side of the tables
Enhancing the configuration of wires by increasing spacing and lowering number of wires causing a huge impact on inducing the dynamic mixing of gasses
Summary
Ammonia (NH3) is well-known in the industry for various applications with a high percentage, of 80% approximately from the total production, has been applied in synthetic fertilizer, causing a great market demand in the industry business [1]. A new promising method to attain the high yield of NH3 at ambient condition in microfluidic environment [4] is discovered by using wires element in monolithic channel. This method is seen as an alternative to improvise the efficiency of NH3 production by exposing the raw materials, H2 and N2 to high surface area to volume ratio which have been proven previously by having parallel and perpendicular obstruction to enhance the dynamic mixing. As compared to simple square pitched arrangement, the possibility of having wires placed at 60o pitch has been explored in this work to elevate the yield of NH3
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