Study on the Exploitation Scheme of Groundwater under Well-Canal Conjunctive Irrigation in Seasonally Freezing-Thawing Agricultural Areas

Jinzhong Yang,Yang Yang,Jingwei Wu,Yan Zhu,Ming Ye,Wei Mao,Heng Dai

doi:10.3390/w13101384

Jinzhong Yang, Yang Yang + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/w13101384

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Abstract

The suitable groundwater exploitation scheme in freezing-thawing agricultural areas under the well-canal conjunctive irrigation conditions is confronted with two major challenges, which are computationally expensive local grid refinements along wells, and the model suitability problem in the freezing-thawing period. In this study, an empirical method for groundwater level prediction in the freezing-thawing period was developed and integrated with the local grid refinement groundwater model MODFLOW-LGR for the groundwater process prediction. The model was then applied to estimate the suitable groundwater exploitation scheme, including the size of well-irrigated area and the irrigation area of single well. The results showed that suitable size of well-irrigated area should be smaller than 15 × 106 m2, and the recommended irrigation area of single well as 15 × 104 m2 to 19 × 104 m2. The recommended layout parameters of groundwater exploitation were further used to plan the well-canal conjunctive irrigation scheme in Yongji irrigation district located in northern China. This study provides an important pilot example of the conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water in arid irrigation areas with a seasonal freezing-thawing period.

Highlights

In the past several decades, there has been a growing threat to the sustainability of water resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, because of over-urbanization, increasing irrigation demands, and climate change impacts [1,2]
Many agricultural areas in arid and semi-arid regions tend to have small groundwater table depth due to the crude surface water irrigation practices, which result in significant phreatic evaporation and secondary soil salinization [6]
Yongji sub-irrigation district is located in the middle of the Hetao

Summary

Introduction

In the past several decades, there has been a growing threat to the sustainability of water resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, because of over-urbanization, increasing irrigation demands, and climate change impacts [1,2]. Well-canal conjunctive irrigation system is one of the most promising schemes, as it can alleviate the shortage and uncertain supplies of surface water resources in arid and semi-arid agricultural areas [5]. Many agricultural areas in arid and semi-arid regions tend to have small groundwater table depth due to the crude surface water irrigation practices, which result in significant phreatic evaporation and secondary soil salinization [6]. The exploitation of groundwater resources can decrease the ineffective phreatic evaporation, which increases water-use efficiency [7,8,9,10,11,12] and prevents the deterioration of soil salinization [13,14].

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